Tuesday, June 7, 2016

Therigatha [The First Known Spiritual Writings By Women]


The Therigatha or the Poems of the Elder Nuns is the ninth text in the Khuddaka Nikaya, the last section of the Sutta Pitaka in the Pali Canon. The verses were composed during the Buddha's life and immediately after his death.

The Therigatha consists of 73 poems organized into 16 chapters. Despite its small size it is a very significant document in the study of early Buddhism as well as the earliest-known collection of women's literature. This text, these poems, are a landmark in the history of world literature. The Therigatha is the earliest known text depicting women's spiritual experiences. The Therigatha contains passages reaffirming the view that women are the equal of men in terms of spiritual attainment as well as verses that address issues of particular interest to women in ancient South Asian society. Included are the verses of a mother whose child has died (6:1 and 6:2), a former sex worker who became a nun (5:2), a wealthy heiress who abandoned her life of pleasure (6:5) and even verses by the Buddha's own aunt and stepmother, Mahapajapati Gotami (6:6).

The word theri means a female elder. The word gatha refers to a verse.

Therigatha 6:4

Sujata

Ornamented, well-dressed,
garlanded, sprinkled with sandalwood,
covered all over with jewelry,
surrounded by a group of slave-women,
taking food and drink,
and not a little staple and non-staple food,
             leaving the house,
I fetched myself to the pleasure garden.

Having enjoyed ourselves and played there,
we headed back to our home.
I saw in Saketa a hall at the Anjana wood.
             I entered.
Seeing the light of the world*,
I, paying homage, sat nearby.
He, the One with Eyes,
from sympathy,
taught me the Dharma.
Hearing the Great Seer, I
             fully penetrated
             the truth.
Right there I touched the Dharma,
dustless, the deathless state.
Then, knowing the True Dharma,
             I went forth
             into homelessness.
                      The three knowledges 
                      are attained.
             The Buddha's bidding
             is not in vain.


*The Buddha

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